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<li class="item">▪<span class="selected">医学专业</span></li>
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<h1 >内科</h1>
<h2>（医学专业）</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">医学科属。<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8C%85%E6%8B%AC/4488155" data-lemmaid="4488155">包括</a>呼吸内科，消化内科，心血管内科，神经内科，肿瘤科，内分泌科，血液内科，传染病科，小儿科等等等。  内科问诊  呼吸<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/274870" data-lemmaid="274870">内科</a>：包括的疾病有<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%84%9F%E5%86%92/502565" data-lemmaid="502565">感冒</a>、肺炎、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%82%BF/813652" data-lemmaid="813652">肺气肿</a>、肺结核、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E6%89%A9%E5%BC%A0/2320294" data-lemmaid="2320294">支气管扩张</a>、哮喘、肺癌、肺心病、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E8%A1%B0%E7%AB%AD/3377" data-lemmaid="3377">呼吸衰竭</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E/1990300" data-lemmaid="1990300">慢性支气管炎</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%94%E8%83%B8/111943" data-lemmaid="111943">气胸</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BA%E8%84%93%E8%82%BF/2252294" data-lemmaid="2252294">肺脓肿</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%83%B8%E8%85%94%E7%A7%AF%E6%B6%B2/2255567" data-lemmaid="2255567">胸腔积液</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%97%B4%E8%B4%A8%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85/10973988" data-lemmaid="10973988">间质性肺疾病</a>。</div><div class="para" label-module="para">2017年12月1日，《公共服务领域英文译写规范》正式实施，规定内科标准英文名为Internal Medicine Department。<sup class="sup--normal" data-sup="1">
[1]</sup><a class="sup-anchor" name="ref_[1]_16805199">&nbsp;</a>
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<dt class="basicInfo-item name">中文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
内科
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">外文名</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
Internal Medicine Department
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<dt class="basicInfo-item name">分&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;属</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6">临床医学</a>
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<dt class="basicInfo-item name">地&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;位</dt>
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医学之母
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">包&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;含</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
疾病定义、病因、症状、征候等
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">诊断方法</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
透过病史询问或面谈进行理学检查
</dd>
<dt class="basicInfo-item name">治疗方法</dt>
<dd class="basicInfo-item value">
追踪观察、生活方式、药物等
</dd>
</dl></div>
<div class="lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog">
<div class="lemma-catalog">
<h2 class="block-title">目录</h2>
<div class="catalog-list column-3">
<ol>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">1</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#1">简介</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">2</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#2">学科分支</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">3</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#3">检查特点</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">4</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#4">分类</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">5</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#5">检查</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">6</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#6">问诊</a></span>
</li>
</ol><ol><li class="level1">
<span class="index">7</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#7">食疗</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">8</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#8">与外科的区分</a></span>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<span class="index">9</span>
<span class="text"><a href="#9">学科分类</a></span>
</li>
</ol>

</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="anchor-list">
<a name="1" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub16805199_1" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="简介" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">内科</span>简介</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="1" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/274870" data-lemmaid="274870">内科</a>学是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A">临床</a>医学的一个专科，几乎是所有其他<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%B4%E5%BA%8A%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6/201903" data-lemmaid="201903">临床医学</a>的基础，亦有医学之母之称。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:104px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/274870/0/d57e99943d7d5e0dd31b7077?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="红十字" style="width:104px;height:101px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=095055d5a7efce1bee2bcfc89f50f3e8/d0c8a786c9177f3efeb6ea2e70cf3bc79f3d5616.jpg"  alt="红十字" style="width:104px;height:101px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
红十字
</span>
</div>内科学的内容包含了疾病的定义、病因、致病机转、流行病学、自然史、症状、征候、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E8%AF%8A%E6%96%AD">实验诊断</a>、影像<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%A3%80%E6%9F%A5">检查</a>、鉴别诊断、诊断、治疗、预后。内科学的方法是透过病史询问或面谈后，进行理学检查，根据病史与检查所见做实验诊断与影像检查，以期在众多鉴别诊断中排除可能性较低者，获得最有可能的诊断；获得诊断后，内科的治疗方法包含追踪观察、生活方式、药物、介入性治疗（如心导管、内视镜）等，根据病人的状况调整药物之使用，防止并处理副作用及并发症。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内科学在临床医学中占有极其重要的位置，它���仅是临床医学各科的基础，而且与它们存在着密切的联系。内科学的知识来源于医疗实践，以前的医学家在治病救人的过程中，经过不断的积累经验，去伪存真、去粗采精，从实践中不断提高认识水平，通过多年的长期积累，逐渐形成有系统的诊治疾病的方法。经过一代又一代的医学家将这些实践得来的知识，经过整理和归纳。并加以系统地研究(包括循证医学的研究)，才发展为内科学。一个优秀的临床医生，不但要有为人民服务的心愿，还要有为人民服务的本领。要获得治病的本领，既要善于读书，又要勤于实践，并在实践中不断地总结经验和教训，如此多年的深研苦钻，才能成材。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内科的检查意义：用于了解胸部、心肺听诊、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%A0%E9%B8%A3%E9%9F%B3">肠鸣音</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BF%83%E7%8E%87">心率</a>、杂音、心律、肝、脾腹壁静脉曲张等情况。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内科一般分为：心内科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91">神经内科</a>(头痛面瘫 瘫痪昏迷 抽搐眩晕 肌肉萎缩不自主运动)、呼吸内科(发热 咳嗽咯血 呼吸困难呃逆)、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91">消化内科</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BE%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91">肾内科</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%85%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%A7%91">内分泌科</a>(水肿 生长发育异常<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BF%E9%87%8F%E5%BC%82%E5%B8%B8">尿量异常</a> 尿糖甲状腺肿大)、风湿病科、血液科、肝科、传染科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%80%B3%E9%BC%BB%E5%92%BD%E5%96%89%E7%A7%91">耳鼻咽喉科</a>、小儿内科。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="2" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub16805199_2" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="学科分支" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">内科</span>学科分支</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="2" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内科学包含了依不同器官系统而分类的次专科：<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91">心脏内科</a>、呼吸科、肝胆肠胃科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BE%E8%84%8F%E7%A7%91">肾脏科</a>（泌尿内<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/274870/0/bba1cd11728b47103326f55fc3cec3fdfc032313?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="消化内科" style="width:220px;height:166px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=7a2b078a2df5e0feea188e036c6134e5/bba1cd11728b47103326f55fc3cec3fdfc032313.jpg"  alt="消化内科" style="width:220px;height:166px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
消化内科
</span>
</div>科）、血液科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4%E7%A7%91">肿瘤科</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%85%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%A7%91">内分泌科</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85%E7%A7%91">传染病科</a>、免疫科、风湿科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%A7%91">神经科</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%84%BF%E7%A7%91">儿科</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91">神经内科</a>、老年病科等，但各地甚至各医院对次专科的分类可能有所不同。各次专科多半有成立各自的医学会，各自审查次专科医师的资格并举办学术活动。广义的内科学更包含了<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%9A%AE%E8%82%A4%E7%A7%91">皮肤科</a>、眼科、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%B2%BE%E7%A5%9E%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6">精神医学</a>、复健科（康复科）、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%94%BE%E5%B0%84%E7%A7%91">放射科</a>、安宁缓和科、环境及职业病科等非用外科手术方式治疗之专科。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="3" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub16805199_3" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="检查特点" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">内科</span>检查特点</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="3" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>内科体检主要内容有以下几种：</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·心脏检查：<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BF%83%E5%B0%96%E6%90%8F%E5%8A%A8">心尖搏动</a>、心界大小、心率快慢、节律是否整齐、有无心脏及<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E7%AE%A1%E6%9D%82%E9%9F%B3">血管杂音</a>、心包磨擦音。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">呼吸系统</a>：胸部音响、肺肝界、呼吸频率快慢，有无干湿性罗音及胸膜磨擦音。<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/274870/0/cc11728b4710b91243c8fe6dc3fdfc0392452213?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="呼吸内科检查" style="width:220px;height:145px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=b11d1056e0fe9925cf0c6e5204a95ee4/cc11728b4710b91243c8fe6dc3fdfc0392452213.jpg"  alt="呼吸内科检查" style="width:220px;height:145px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
呼吸内科检查
</span>
</div>·消化系统：腹部有无压痛，肝脾是否肿大、有无包块及<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A7%BB%E5%8A%A8%E6%80%A7%E6%B5%8A%E9%9F%B3">移动性浊音</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%A0%E9%B8%A3%E9%9F%B3">肠鸣音</a>是否正常。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·神经系统：意识状态是否清晰、语言是否流利，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%91%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F">脑神经</a>系统检查、肌力、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%8C%E5%BC%A0%E5%8A%9B">肌张力</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%94%9F%E7%90%86%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84">生理反射</a>是否正常、有无病理征。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">· 一般情况：巩膜有无黄染、结膜是否红润、眼睑及双踝部有无水肿。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="4" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub16805199_4" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="分类" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">内科</span>分类</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="4" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内科可以分为以下几类：呼吸内科，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91">消化内科</a>，心血管内科，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91">神经内科</a>，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%85%E5%88%86%E6%B3%8C%E7%A7%91">内分泌科</a>，<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91">血液内科</a>，传染病科，小<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%84%BF%E7%A7%91">儿科</a>等等等��<div class="lemma-picture text-pic layout-right" style="width:220px; float: right;">
<a class="image-link" nslog-type="9317" 
			href="/pic/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/274870/0/246cca2a45f1e5db023bf623?fr=lemma&ct=single" target="_blank"
		title="内科问诊" style="width:220px;height:146px;">
<img  class="lazy-img" src="" data-src="https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D220/sign=ebdde73adab44aed5d4eb9e6831d876a/472309f7905298221fcbddb3d7ca7bcb0b46d4c2.jpg"  alt="内科问诊" style="width:220px;height:146px;"/>
</a>
<span class="description">
内科问诊
</span>
</div><b>呼吸内科</b>：包括的疾病有感冒、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BA%E7%82%8E">肺炎</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BA%E6%B0%94%E8%82%BF">肺气肿</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BA%E7%BB%93%E6%A0%B8">肺结核</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E6%89%A9%E5%BC%A0">支气管扩张</a>、哮喘、肺癌、肺心病、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E8%A1%B0%E7%AB%AD">呼吸衰竭</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%85%A2%E6%80%A7%E6%94%AF%E6%B0%94%E7%AE%A1%E7%82%8E">慢性支气管炎</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B0%94%E8%83%B8">气胸</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%BA%E8%84%93%E8%82%BF">肺脓肿</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%83%B8%E8%85%94%E7%A7%AF%E6%B6%B2">胸腔积液</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%97%B4%E8%B4%A8%E6%80%A7%E8%82%BA%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85">间质性肺疾病</a>。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>内分泌科</b>：是医院中一个专门治���内分泌科疾病的地方，以下症状就应该去看内分泌科了：体重改变：体重减轻或增加，如消瘦、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%A5%E8%83%96">肥胖</a>；体格发育障碍：生长发育障碍，如过度矮小或巨大；精神症状：精神兴奋、烦躁易怒、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%8A%91%E9%83%81">抑郁</a>、少言寡语；<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AA%BC%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">骨骼系统</a>改变：不明原因的骨痛、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%85%B0%E8%85%BF%E7%97%9B">腰腿痛</a>、骨质疏松、易骨折；消化道症状：<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%9F%E6%AC%B2%E5%87%8F%E9%80%80">食欲减退</a>、亢进、腹胀、大便次数增多；尿量改变：口渴、多饮、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%9A%E5%B0%BF">多尿</a>、夜尿增多；浮肿：尤其是伴有皮肤干燥、唇厚舌大者；<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%87%E7%8A%B6%E6%80%A7%E9%AB%98%E8%A1%80%E5%8E%8B">症状性高血压</a>：尤其伴有多血质外貌、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%97%A4%E7%96%AE">痤疮</a>、周期性下肢肌无力或阵发性高血压</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>血液内科</b>：很专业的科室．主要治疗贫血（一些病因复杂的贫血）、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%99%BD%E8%A1%80%E7%97%85">白血病</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E5%8F%8B%E7%97%85">血友病</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B7%8B%E5%B7%B4%E7%98%A4">淋巴瘤</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%AA%A8%E9%AB%93%E5%A2%9E%E6%AE%96%E6%80%A7%E7%96%BE%E7%97%85">骨髓增殖性疾病</a>以及一些属于血液科范畴的并发症的处理。比如说有时候DIC需要血内处理。<b><a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85">传染病</a>科</b>：是治疗传染病的部门。常见传染病有菌痢、伤寒、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%9C%8D%E4%B9%B1">霍乱</a>、甲型毒性肝炎、流脑、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%8C%A9%E7%BA%A2%E7%83%AD">猩红热</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E7%99%BE%E6%97%A5%E5%92%B3">百日咳</a>、流感、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%BA%BB%E7%96%B9">麻疹</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%B8%9D%E8%99%AB%E7%97%85">丝虫病</a>、乙型脑炎、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E5%90%B8%E8%99%AB">血吸虫</a>病等。</div><div class="anchor-list">
<a name="5" class="lemma-anchor para-title" ></a>
<a name="sub16805199_5" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
<a name="检查" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
</div><div class="para-title level-2" label-module="para-title">
<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">内科</span>检查</h2>
<a class="edit-icon j-edit-link" data-edit-dl="5" href="javascript:;"><em class="cmn-icon wiki-lemma-icons wiki-lemma-icons_edit-lemma"></em>编辑</a>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">内科检查的意义：用于了解胸部、心肺听诊、肠鸣音、心率、杂音、心律、肝、脾腹壁静脉曲张等情况。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>内科体检主要内容有以下几种：</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·心脏检查：心尖搏动、心界大小、心率快慢、节律是否整齐、有无心脏及血管杂音、心包磨擦音。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%91%BC%E5%90%B8%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">呼吸系统</a>：胸部音响、肺肝界、呼吸频率快慢，有无干湿性罗音及胸膜磨擦音。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">· <a target=_blank href="/item/%E6%B6%88%E5%8C%96%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F">消化系统</a>：腹部有无压痛，肝脾是否肿大、有无包块及移动性浊音、肠鸣音是否正常。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">· 神经系统：意识状态是否清晰、语言是否流利，脑神经系统检查、肌力、肌张力、生理反射是否正常、有无病理征。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">·一般情况：巩膜有无黄染、结膜是否红润、眼睑及双踝部有无水肿。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<div class="para" label-module="para">内科问诊有以下内容：</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">1．患病史：有无已经正规医院确诊的疾病，如有，用药治疗情况及效果如何。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">2．家族史：有无遗传性疾病、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BC%A0%E6%9F%93%E7%97%85">传染病</a>、高血压病、糖尿病、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%86%A0%E5%BF%83%E7%97%85">冠心病</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%84%91%E5%8D%92%E4%B8%AD">脑卒中</a>、肿瘤等家族史。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">3．个人史：工作性质，饮食习惯，烟酒嗜好等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">4．重点症状询问：有无阵发心悸、胸闷、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%83%B8%E7%97%9B">胸痛</a>、阵发眩晕、晕厥、明显消瘦、大便异形、黑便血便、腹泻、干咳、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%92%B3%E8%A1%80">咳血</a>、烦躁易怒、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BF%E9%A2%91">尿频</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BF%E6%80%A5">尿急</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%B0%BF%E7%97%9B">尿痛</a>、低烧，等等。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>内科体检对以下病症有提示作用：</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">人体主要脏器心、肝、脾、肺、肾都在内科体检范围之内，对许多疾病和体征，如支气管炎、肺炎、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%83%B8%E8%86%9C%E7%82%8E">胸膜炎</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BF%83%E5%BE%8B%E5%A4%B1%E5%B8%B8">心律失常</a>、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BF%83%E5%8C%85%E7%82%8E">心包炎</a>、心肺功能不全、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%82%9D%E8%84%BE%E8%82%BF%E5%A4%A7">肝脾肿大</a>、贫血、黄疸等有初步筛查和诊断作用。有人认为：“体检反正要查心电图和腹部B超，内科体检可以免了”。事实并非如此，任何仪器设备检查都有局限性，如心电图检查对<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%BF%83%E8%82%8C%E7%BC%BA%E8%A1%80">心肌缺血</a>、心律失常有诊断定性价值，但对先天性心脏病、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%8E%E6%B9%BF%E6%80%A7%E5%BF%83%E8%84%8F%E7%93%A3%E8%86%9C%E7%97%85">风湿性心脏瓣膜病</a>诊断并无特异性；而一般体检不做心脏B 超，如果不经内科视、触、叩听检查可能会漏误诊。医生用听诊器在胸部可直接听到杂音，作出诊断，并提出进一步辅助检查项目，有利于对疾病的早期发现与及时治疗。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>1、丹参鸡﹙排骨﹚</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">调和气血，改善循环药材：丹参12克、赤芍12克、当归12克、川芎6克、生地12克、甘草3克、茯苓10克、白术10克、郁金3克、橘红3克、枳壳3克、桂枝9克、红枣5个、枸杞12克药材先浸泡后，煮开五分钟后，将汤汁倒入另一锅中，继续加热沸腾后，加入鸡肉，闷煮至鸡肉熟透，加入适量米酒、盐，沸腾即可。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>2、杞菊茶</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">枸杞10克，菊花3克，生山楂片15克，���决明15克，适合血脂肪过高的病人，可以预防动脉粥状硬化。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para"><b>3、桂圆枣仁茶</b></div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">茯苓10克，桂圆肉15克，酸枣仁30克，共煮成汤，去渣后，加入银耳30克，冰糖适量，适合心神不宁，睡眠不佳，心���不整，四肢微肿的病人。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<a name="与外科的区分" class="lemma-anchor " ></a>
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">内科</span>与外科的区分</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para">从本质上讲，内科和外科虽然都属于医学的范畴，即使二者有如此多的共同之处共通之处，但二者的工作性质以及内外科医生的思维方式都是大相径庭的。内科学作为一门系统的学科，虽然有其实践性，但是它具有一整套完整的理论体系。它把人体当作一个独立的系统来进行研究。而外科由于存在人为的因素的介入，更多的时候要把人体当作一个开放的系统来思考。如果把内科医生称为“家”的话，那么外科医生就是“匠”。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">但是如果一个内科医生只是关门做学问，而不去进行临床实践，他就永远也成不了真正意义上的“医家”；同样如果一个<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%A4%96%E7%A7%91%E5%8C%BB%E7%94%9F">外科医生</a>，只去钻研如何把手术做的漂亮完美，而忽略了理论的学习和归纳总结，他永远也不会成为一个“巧匠”。也许是工作性质的不同，内外医生的外在气质也有一定的差别，外科工作对医生的要求是雷厉风行，胆大心细，果断干脆，遇事沉着冷静、有条不紊。内科工作要求医生思维缜密，知识渊博，细致入微。医学院毕业的女同学一般向往干内科工作，因为内科工作需要更多的耐心和细致。男同学都向往做外科工作，因为外科工作更有挑战性，更有成就感，更有吸引力。</div><div class="anchor-list">
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<h2 class="title-text"><span class="title-prefix">内科</span>学科分类</h2>
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<div class="para" label-module="para"><a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6">医学内科学</a>是临床医学中的核心学科，临床医学的共性诊断与治疗思维，集中表达在内科学中；且在临床实践中，内科疾病也最为常见，因此学好内科学不仅对学习、掌握其它学科有所裨益，而且更是大多数病人的需要。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">学习内科学应以基础医学和诊断学为基础，在复习、巩固解剖、生理、病理和诊断学等课程的同时，学习这门新课程。在学习中应注意理论联系实际、循序渐进的原则，通过思考，发现问题，分析问题，不断提高解决问题的能力。</div>
<div class="para" label-module="para">内科学是<a target=_blank href="/item/%E4%BA%8C%E7%BA%A7%E5%AD%A6%E7%A7%91">二级学科</a>，包括呼吸病学、循环病学、消化病学、泌尿系统疾病学、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E8%A1%80%E6%B6%B2%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6">血液病学</a>、内分泌代谢病学、<a target=_blank href="/item/%E9%A3%8E%E6%B9%BF%E5%85%8D%E7%96%AB%E7%97%85%E5%AD%A6">风湿免疫病学</a>神经系统部分。为体现全面素质教育，课程设置顺应<a target=_blank href="/item/%E5%8C%BB%E5%AD%A6%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F">医学模式</a>的转换，根据教学计划，教学总时数为126学时，课堂授课98学时，课间实习28学���，此外另有近一个学期的毕业实习。教学内容丰富、结构科学，临床实���性内容与基础理论相结合，与周边科学有机结合，适应了该课程在培养人才中的作用。</div>
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<li>编辑次数：51次<a href="/historylist/%E5%86%85%E7%A7%91/274870" class="nslog:1021" target="_blank">历史版本</a></li>
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</form>
<form id="searchLemmaForm" action="/search" method="GET" target="_self">
<input id="searchLemmaQuery" name="word" type="hidden" />
<input name="pn" type="hidden" value="0" />
<input name="rn" type="hidden" value="0" />
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  userbar.buildUserbar($('#j-wgt-userbar'), null);
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!function(){  require('wiki-common:widget/component/headTabBar/headTabBar');
}();
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    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-main'));
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var timer = '';

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}).on('mouseleave', function() {
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}).on('click', 'a', function() {
  clearTimeout(timer);
  $('.wgt-navbar').removeClass('wgt-navbar-hover');
});
}();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/polysemantList/polysemantList')('内科');
    }();
!function(){        var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
        var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

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!function(){    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/collect/collect"],function(collect){
		collect({
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			lemmaId:"11295",
			subLemmaId:"16805199"
		});
	});
}();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/topShare/topShare"],function(topShare){
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        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/basicElement/pinyin/lemmaPinyin')({
        lemmaTitle: '内科',
        pinyin: 'nèi kē'
    });

   var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
   nslog(10000105);

}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
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                $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .edit-lemma').css('display', 'inline-block');
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                  if ($('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').offset().left > $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .personal').offset().left) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
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                    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle .lock-lemma').before('<br/><br/>');
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}();
!function(){	require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/basicInfo/basicInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog');
    nslog(10002701);
    $('.lemmaWgt-lemmaCatalog a').on('click', function () {
           nslog(10002702);
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
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        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
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        } else {
            if ('1') {
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        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('274870', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
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}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

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}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
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}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策��
    rightCheck.editView('274870', function(res) {
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            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('274870', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
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    // 展现策略
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}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('274870', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
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        }
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

    // 展现策略
    rightCheck.editView('274870', function(res) {
        if (!res.errno) {
            if (res.data.edit) {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
            }
        } else {
            if ('1') {
                $('.para-title .edit-icon').css('display', 'block');
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}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/albumList/albumList","wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog"],function($,AlbumList,nslog){
		var list=new AlbumList({
			newLemmaId:"274870",
			lemmaTitle:"内科",
			lemmaId:"11295",
			subLemmaId:"16805199",
			data:[{"coverpic":"50da81cb39dbb6fd3fe0b7040e24ab18972b375c","width":498,"height":398,"desc":"\u8bcd\u6761\u56fe\u7247","total":6,"coverurl":"https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/s%3D235\/sign=dcb354e8858ba61edbeecf2c743597cc\/50da81cb39dbb6fd3fe0b7040e24ab18972b375c.jpg"}]
		});
		!!window.ScriptLazyLoad && window.ScriptLazyLoad.regist({
			dom:$('.album-list'),
			loadFunc:function(){
				list.load();
				nslog(1258);
			},
			distance:500
		});
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaRelation/lemmaInsert'], function(init) {
            init({ // 关系化统计需求--传参  shangwenbin
                lemmaId: "11295",
                newLemmaId: "274870",
                subLemmaId: "16805199",
                lemmaTitle: "内科"
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){		require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReference","wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaReference/lemmaReferenceTip/lemmaReferenceTip"],function(Reference,ReferenceTip){
			new Reference({
				subLemmaId:"16805199"
			});
			new ReferenceTip({
				subLemmaId:"274870",
				lemmaTitle:"内科",
				reference:[{"type":"1","title":" \u9ebb\u8fa3\u70eb\u3001\u62c9\u9762\u7b49\u56fd\u5bb6\u6807\u51c6\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u516c\u5e03","url":"\/redirect\/ae67eASFKKWYLafMe9T2OAbvtigwhEO_vMHC1HTktGxsCGeOuyFv0LX_UVx2D9wczAw3r7ehMxzou6tFSwtr00Dkzu59hMlu1rbnpFAvCbWNORr4wwhu","site":"\u7f51\u6613","publishDate":"","refDate":"2017-11-30","index":1}]
			});
		});
	}();
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                    $(node).removeClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", '22px');
                } else {
                    $(node).addClass("collapse");
                    $("#open-tag").css("height", $("#open-tag-item").css("height"));
                }
            }
            if (parseInt($("#open-tag-item").css("height")) <= 30) {
                $('#open-tag-collapse').hide();
            }
            $("#open-tag-collapse").on("click", function () {
                openTagToggle($("#open-tag")[0]);
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require('wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/configModule/zhixin/zhixin')(
            274870,
            '内科'
        );
    }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/lemmaStatistics/lemmaStatistics"],function(init){
        init({
            newLemmaIdEnc:"095968e1ca73b2b823d6aa16"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){	require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/lemma_content/mainContent/sideCatalog/sideCatalog"],function(SideCatalog){
		new SideCatalog();
	});
}();
!function(){        require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/fengchao/fengchao","wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/unionAd/unionAd"], function (init, unionAd) {
            init({
                newLemmaId: "274870",
                lemmaTitle: "内科",
                encodeLemmaTitle: "%C4%DA%BF%C6",
                adManager: null
            }, {
                errFn: unionAd,
                dom: $('#side_box_unionAd')
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/guessLike/guessLike'], function (app) {
            app.init({
                lemmaTitle: '内科',
                adManager: null
            });
        });
    }();
!function(){            require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/bottomAd/bottomAd'], function (init) {
                init({
                    sId: 'BOTTOM_PRO_AD',
                    adManager: null
                });
            });
        }();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var Dialog = require("wiki-common:widget/ui/dialog/dialog");
    var userLogin = require('wiki-common:widget/component/userLogin/userLogin');
    var unameFiller = require('wiki-common:widget/component/unameFiller/unameFiller');
    var rightCheck = require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/rightCheck/rightCheck');

            var isEnterprise = false;
        var enterpriseOwnerUserId = 0;
    
    var userId = 0;
    var editUrl = '/edit/' + encodeURIComponent('内科') + '/' + '274870';
    var pgcUrl = '/enterprise/editpgc?lemmaId=274870';

    userLogin.regist({
        onLogin: function(user) {
            userId = user ? user.uid : 0;
        }
    });

    function gotoEdit(url, isMidNight) {
        if (isMidNight) {
            Dialog.alert({
                title: '编辑提示',
                subMsg: '晚23:00至次日8:00，因审核系统例行维护，您提交的版本可能需要较长时间才能通过，望您谅解。',
                onConfirm: function() {
                    window.location.href = url;
                }
            });
        } else {
            window.location.href = url;
        }    
    }

    function showChoseEditDialog(pgcCallback, ugcCallback) {
        new Dialog({
            title: '编辑提示',
            subMsg: '<p>您已开通企业百科服务，推荐您直接编辑“官方资料”，官方资料仅限企业百科绑定的百科账号修改，其他用户账号不可修改。</p><p>如果您想修改其他网友编辑的普通词条内容，请注意遵守百科百科编辑规则。<p>',
            btns: [{
            key: 'pgc',
            text: '编辑官方资料'
            }, {
            style: 'white',
            text: '修改普通词条',
            key: 'ugc'
            }],
            onBtnClick: function(btnKey){
                if (btnKey === 'pgc') {
                    pgcCallback && pgcCallback();
                } else if (btnKey === 'ugc') {
                    ugcCallback && ugcCallback();
                }
            }
        }).show();
    }

    function checkUserLegal(res) {
        var legal = false;
        switch (res.errno) {
            case 100001:
                userLogin.showLoginPop();
                break;
            case 100006:
                unameFiller.show();
                break;
            default:
                legal = true;
        }
        return true;
    }

    function checkUgc(res, url) {
        if (res.errno) {
            switch (res.errno) {
                case 100005:
                    alert('对不起，您目前被封禁');
                    break;
                case 110001:
                    alert('对不起，该词条被锁定');
                    break;
                case 110007:
                    alert('对不起，消歧页无法编辑');
                    break;
                case 110005:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对���起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>四级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 110008:
                    Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    mainMsg: '对不起，您暂时没有权限编辑该词条。',
                    subMsg: '<p>您好，该词条内容已较丰富，现仅对百科等级达到<b>六级</b>且通过率达到<b>85%</b>的科友开放编辑。</p><p>当您通过努力达到以上要求，就可以参与编辑该词条了。</p><p><img src="https://bkssl.bdimg.com/img/baike/usercenter/growuptask/star.gif" class="star" />参加<a target="_blank" href="/usercenter#guide">成长任务</a>，更快掌握百科编辑技巧，加速升级！</p>'
                    });
                    break;
                case 470001:
                    alert('系统错误，请刷新重试');
                    break;
                case 110003:
                    Dialog.alert({
                        title: '编辑提示',
                        subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                    });
                    break;
            }
        } else {
            if (!res.data.right.noAudit) {
                Dialog.alert({
                    title: '编辑提示',
                    subMsg: '很抱歉，该词条有其他用户编辑的版本正在提交，您暂时无法编辑。<br/>百科建议您晚些时候再编辑该词条，或者尝试编辑其他的词条。'
                });
                return;
            }
            gotoEdit(url, res.data.notice.isMidNight);
        }
    }

    $(document.body).on('click', '.j-edit-link', function() {
        var dl = $(this).attr('data-edit-dl');
        if (dl) {
            var url = editUrl + '?dl=' + dl;
        } else {
            var url = editUrl;
        }

        rightCheck.preeditCheck('274870', '内科', '医学专业', '129436625', '', function(res) {
            if (!checkUserLegal(res)) {
                return;
            }
            if (isEnterprise && enterpriseOwnerUserId === userId) {
                showChoseEditDialog(function() {
                    location.href = pgcUrl;
                }, function() {
                    checkUgc(res, url);
                });
            } else {
                checkUgc(res, url);
            }
        });
    });
}();
!function(){  require.async(["wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery","wiki-common:widget/component/footer/footer_feedback"], function($, feedback){
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-main'});
    feedback({el: '#J-bk-feedback-query', config: {
        appid: 215645,
        productLine: 20184,
        needContactWay: false,
        issuePlaceholder: '亲爱的百度百科用户，请在此填写您的质疑内容及原因哦～'
      },
      proData: {
        "kw": $('#J-bk-feedback-query').data('lemma')
      }
    });
  });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar-n/searchbar');  
    initSearchbar($('.wgt-searchbar-simple'));
  }();
!function(){    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/toolButtons"],function(init){
        init({
            lemmaId:"11295",
            subLemmaId:"16805199",
            newLemmaId:"274870"
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/searchHeader/toolButtons-n/userInfo')();
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'),
      animation = require('wiki-common:widget/util/animation'),
      nslog = require('wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog'),
      initSearchbar = require('wiki-common:widget/component/searchbar/searchbar');

    var isFadeIn = false,
        isFadeOut = false;

    var fadeInAni, fadeOutAni;

    $(window).on('scroll', function(e) {
        var scrollTop = $(this).scrollTop();

        if (scrollTop > 200 && !isFadeIn && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'none') {
            fadeOutAni && fadeOutAni.stop();
            fadeInAni = animation({
                duration: 200,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    isFadeIn = true;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'block');
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', progress)
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    nslog(10010007);
                }
            });
        } else if (scrollTop <= 200 && !isFadeOut && $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display') == 'block') {
            fadeInAni && fadeInAni.stop();
            fadeOutAni = animation({
                duration: 300,
                easing: 'linear',
                onStart: function() {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader #suggestion').hide();
                    isFadeIn = false;
                    isFadeOut = true;
                },
                onStep: function(progress) {
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('opacity', 1 - progress);
                },
                onComplete: function(progress) {
                    isFadeOut = false;
                    $('.lemmaWgt-searchHeader').css('display', 'none');
                }
            });
        }
    });
}();
!function(){    require('wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/qzopensl');
    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/newSideShare/taskSideShare"],function(taskShare){
        taskShare.init({
            title: '内科',
            desc: "\u533b\u5b66\u79d1\u5c5e\u3002\u5305\u62ec\u547c\u5438\u5185\u79d1\uff0c\u6d88\u5316\u5185\u79d1\uff0c\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u5185\u79d1\uff0c\u795e\u7ecf\u5185\u79d1\uff0c\u80bf\u7624\u79d1\uff0c\u5185\u5206\u6ccc\u79d1\uff0c\u8840\u6db2\u5185\u79d1\uff0c\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5\u79d1\uff0c\u5c0f\u513f\u79d1\u7b49\u7b49\u7b49\u3002 \u5185\u79d1\u95ee\u8bca \u547c\u5438\u5185\u79d1\uff1a\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u6709\u611f\u5192\u3001\u80ba\u708e\u3001\u80ba\u6c14\u80bf\u3001\u80ba\u7ed3\u6838\u3001\u652f\u6c14\u7ba1\u6269\u5f20\u3001\u54ee\u5598\u3001\u80ba\u764c\u3001\u80ba\u5fc3\u75c5\u3001\u547c\u5438\u8870\u7aed\u3001\u6162\u6027\u652f\u6c14\u7ba1\u708e\u3001\u6c14\u80f8\u3001\u80ba\u8113\u80bf\u3001\u80f8\u8154\u79ef\u6db2\u3001\u95f4\u8d28\u6027\u80ba\u75be\u75c5\u30022017\u5e7412\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u300a\u516c\u5171\u670d\u52a1\u9886\u57df\u82f1\u6587\u8bd1\u5199\u89c4\u8303\u300b\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b9e\u65bd\uff0c\u89c4\u5b9a\u5185\u79d1\u6807\u51c6\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u4e3aInternal Medicine Department\u3002",
            pic: 'https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/w%3D268\/sign=fa8c575c221f95caa6f595b0f1167fc5\/50da81cb39dbb6fd3fe0b7040e24ab18972b375c.jpg',
            url: '',
            qqPic: 'https:\/\/gss1.bdstatic.com\/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy\/baike\/whfpf%3D398%2C398%2C50\/sign=9a85f69da7ec08fa265540e73fd30e54\/50da81cb39dbb6fd3fe0b7040e24ab18972b375c.jpg',
            newLemmaId: '274870',
            lemmaTitle: '内科'
        });
    });
}();
!function(){    var $ = require('wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery');
    var nslog = require("wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog");
    var testElem = require('wiki-common:widget/component/testElem/testElem');
    var cmsModuleLoader = require('wiki-common:widget/component/cmsModuleLoader/cmsModuleLoader');

    function requireAsync() {
        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement']);
    }

    cmsModuleLoader('/api/wikiui/getlemmaconfig', [{
        name: 'announcement',
        script: 'wiki-lemma:widget/tools/announcement/announcement.js'
    }]);

    require.async(["wiki-lemma:widget/tools/lazyLoad/lazyLoad"], function(LazyLoad) {
        new LazyLoad();
    });

    require.async(['wiki-common:widget/component/nslog/nslog','wiki-common:widget/lib/jquery/jquery'], function(nslog, $) {
        nslog().setGlobal({
            lemmaId: "11295",
            newLemmaId: "274870",
            subLemmaId: "16805199",
            lemmaTitle: "内科"
        });

        // 词条页 pv
        nslog(9322);

        // 新版头部pv（小流量）
        if ($('.pc-header-new').length > 0) {
            nslog(9069);
        }

        // 链接点击 pv
        var lemmaPageRegExp = new RegExp(/\/subview\/\d+|\/view\/\d+|\/item\//i);
        $('body').on('mousedown', 'a', function() {
            var href = $(this).attr('href');
            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0) {
                // 链接点击 pv
                nslog(10000001);
                if (lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                    // 词条页链接点击 pv
                    nslog(10000002, window.location.href, {
                        targetTitle: $(this).text()
                    });
                }
            }
        });

        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 start ******/
        (function () {
            // 各种统计配置
            var circulationLinkCfg = {
                innerLink: [ // 内链
                    '.para',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeMovie',
                    '.lemmaWgt-baseInfo-simple-largeStar',
                    '.basic-info .basicInfo-block',
                    '.lemma-summary',
                    '.lemmaWgt-lemmaSummary',
                    '.view-tip-panel',
                    '.horizontal-module',
                    '.lemmaWgt-roleIntroduction',
                    '.dramaSeries .dramaSerialList',
                    '.module-music',
                    '.table-view',
                    '[log-set-param="table_view"]',
                    '.list-module',
                    '.cell-module',
                    '.baseBox .dl-baseinfo', // 配置后台字段
                    '.pvBtn-box .leadPVBtnWrapper',
                    '.drama-actor',
                    '#staffList',
                    '.starMovieAndTvplay',
                    '.main_tab:not(.main_tab-defaultTab)' // 除去词条tab外的tab
                ],
                relationTable: '.rs-container-foot', // 关系表
                peopleRelation: '.star-info-block.relations, .lemmaWgt-focusAndRelation', // 人物关系（明星+普通）
                moduleActors: '.featureBaseInfo .actors, .lemmaWgt-majorActors', // 主要演员、嘉宾、主持人
                moduleWorks: '.featureBaseInfo .works, .large-feature .works', // 代表作品
                moduleQuarterly: '.featureBaseInfo .po_quarterly, .mian_quarterly', // 分季介绍
                rankStar: '.rank-list.stars-rank', // 明星榜
                rankDrama: '.drama-rank-list', // 电视剧榜
                specialTopic: '.special-topic', // 专题模块
                modDetailTable: '#modDetailTable', // 关系表出图
                chuizhitu: '.chuizhitu', // 垂直化模块
                polysemantList: '.polysemantList-wrapper' // 义项切换
            };
            /****** 连接统计 ******/
            function clickNslogFn() {
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k === 'innerLink') {
                        // 词条内链到词条页
                        var tempArr = circulationLinkCfg[k];
                        for (var i = 0, l = tempArr.length; i < l; i++) {
                            tempArr[i] += ' a';
                        }
                        var sSelector = tempArr.join(', ');

                        $('body').on('mousedown', sSelector, {key: k},function(e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            var tar = $(this).attr('target') || '';
                            if (href && href.indexOf('/') >= 0 && href.indexOf('#') !== 0
                            && tar === '_blank' && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页普通内链点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null ,{division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    } else {
                        // 模块到词条页链接
                        $(circulationLinkCfg[k]).on('mousedown', 'a', {key: k}, function (e) {
                            var key = e.data.key;
                            var href = $(this).attr('href');
                            if (href && href.indexOf('#') !== 0 && lemmaPageRegExp.test(href)) {
                                // 词条页配置模块链接点击 pv
                                nslog(10000004, null, {division: key});
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }
            }
            // 发起统计请求
            clickNslogFn();

            /****** 各模块展现量pv ******/
            function checkModuleIsShow() {
                var result = [];
                for (var k in circulationLinkCfg) {
                    if (k !== 'innerLink' && k !== 'relationTable') {
                        !!$(circulationLinkCfg[k]).html() && result.push(k);
                    }
                }
                if (result.length > 0) {
                    nslog(10000005, null, {showModules: result.join(',')});
                }
            }
            checkModuleIsShow();

        })();
        /****** 词条页站内流转需求统计 end ******/

    });

    // 广告接入 wikiad 统一加载
    // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求行为）
    nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
        api: 'lemma-ad',
        action: 'request'
    });
    var tags = {"0":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u8bed\u8a00"},"2":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66\u4e66\u7c4d"},"1":{"tagId":0,"tagName":"\u533b\u5b66"}};
    var tagsArray = [];
    for (var key in tags) {
        tagsArray.push(tags[key].tagName);
    }
    $.ajax({
        type: 'GET',
        url: '/api/wikiad/getsquirrels',
        data: {
            lemmaId: 274870,
            tags: tagsArray.join()
        },
        cache: false,
        dataType: 'JSON',
        success: function (res) {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求成功）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'success'
            });

            if (!res.errno) {
                if (res.data[5]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightPreciseAd/rightPreciseAd'], function(rightPreciseAd) {
                        rightPreciseAd(res.data[5]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[5][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[5][0].name,
                            adPos: 5
                        });
                    });
                } else if (res.data[1]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/vbaike/vbaike'], function(vbaike) {
                        vbaike(res.data[1]);
                        for(var i in res.data[1]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[1][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[1][i].name,
                                adPos: 1
                            });
                        }
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[9]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightBigAd/rightBigAd'], function(rightBigAd) {
                        rightBigAd(res.data[9]);
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[9][0].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[9][0].name,
                                adPos: 9
                            });
                    });
                                    } else if(res.data[2]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/slide/slide'], function(slide) {
                        slide(res.data[2]);
                        for(var i in res.data[2]) {
                            nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                                adId: res.data[2][i].adId,
                                adTitle: res.data[2][i].name,
                                adPos: 2
                            });
                        }
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[3]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/topAd/topAd'], function(topAd) {
                        topAd(res.data[3]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[3][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[3][0].name,
                            adPos: 3
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[4]) {
                                        require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/rightAd/rightAd'], function(rightAd) {
                        rightAd(res.data[4]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[4][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[4][0].name,
                            adPos: 4
                        });
                    });
                                    }
                if (res.data[15]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/banner/banner'], function(banner) {
                        banner(res.data[15]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[15][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[15][0].name,
                            adPos: 15
                        });
                    });
                }
                if (res.data[16]) {
                    require.async(['wiki-lemma:widget/promotion/declaration/declaration'], function(declaration) {
                        declaration(res.data[16]);
                        nslog(10002201, location.href, {
                            adId: res.data[16][0].adId,
                            adTitle: res.data[16][0].name,
                            adPos: 16
                        });
                    })
                }
            } else {
                return;
            }

            setTimeout(function () {
                var elemArr = {};
                res.data[1] && res.data[1].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-vbaike-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-vbaike .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[2] && res.data[2].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-slide-ad'] = $('.lemmaWgt-promotion-slide .promotion_viewport a:eq(0) img').get(0));
                res.data[3] && res.data[3].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-navbar-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.header [nslog-type="10002202"]').css('background-image').indexOf(res.data[3][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[4] && res.data[4].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-side-ad'] = {
                    node: $('.right-ad img').get(0),
                    validations: {
                        'noBackgroundImage': function() {
                            return $('.right-ad img').attr('src').indexOf(res.data[4][0].picUrl) < 0
                        }
                    }
                });
                res.data[15] && res.data[15].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-banner'] = $('.configModuleBanner').get(0));
                res.data[16] && res.data[16].length > 0 && (elemArr['lemma-configModule-declaration'] = $('.lemmaWgt-declaration').get(0));

                testElem.log(elemArr, 70000102);
            }, 1000);
        },
        error: function () {
            // log 词条页广告被拦截情况（此处 log 请求失败）
            nslog(70000101, window.location.href, {
                api: 'lemma-ad',
                action: 'error'
            });
        }
    });

    // 设置分享内容
    window.BKShare.setCommon({
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